The human desire for youthfulness and sexual intimacy is everlasting. Any recipe for the enhancement of both is commercially in high demand. In the first  50 years of the 21st century, the old age dependency ratio is expected to double in more developed regions and triple in less developed areas,  thus aged people are going to be a big problem for society. Recent studies establish that, over the past 50 years, human sperm counts have fallen by more than 50% around the globe. If the decline continues, it could have important implications for human reproduction, further a harbinger of declining health in men, since semen quality can be an important marker of overall health. Due to this, now the whole world is showing renewed interest in the ageing process and reproductive health.  

From the moment of conception, right into extreme old age, the human body undergoes considerable change in shape, size and composition.  The most dramatic changes take place during the first fraction of life, in utero, but change is a continuous process and changes occurring in the latter half of the life span may have considerable impact on the physiology, pathology and pharmacology of the older  individual.  In Ayurvedic literatue Acharya Vaghbata and Sharangadhara emphasized this progressive deterioration of bodily features decade wise thereby setting milestones of Aging with an average lifespan of 120 years. Decade wise milestones of Aging viz. Balyam (childhood), Vriddhi (growth), Chavi (Beauty & Lustre), Medha (Intellect), Twak (Skin texture/firmness), Drishti (Visual acuity), Sukra (Reproductive capacity), Vikrama ( Valour), Buddhi (Memory), Karmendriya (Motor functions), Chetana (Mind), and Jeevitam (Life). 

According to Ayurveda preservation and restoration of health are achieved by the use of two types of medicines (Bheshajam) i.e., Swasthasya Urjaskar (Health promotive recipes) and Artasya Roganut (curative recipes) (Ch.Chi.1/1/4). Swasthasya Urjaskar is again of two types viz. Rasayana (Senescence and Rejuvenescence) and Vajikarana (Science of Procreation and Recreation). Rasayana and Vajikarana are also mentioned as separate branches among eight major specialities of Ashtanga Ayurveda. With this categorization, it is very clear that, the Ayurveda strategy is founded on Wellness to Illness approach. That’s the reason Ayurveda is defined as, the Science of Wellbeing and Art of Natural Healing.  It is a science and art of appropriate living, which helps to achieve longevity. It can also guide every individual in the prevention of disease and long-term maintenance of health.

Rasayana essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The rasayana are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a rasayana food, or a positive healthy lifestyle with a rasayana effect or a rasayana drug or all three together. The rasayana remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. 

Rasayana treatments are important in the preservation of health, prevention of diseases, speedy recovery and rehabilitation from disease conditions. In current practices, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, anabolic, nutraceuticals, anti-ageing therapies are considered forms of rasayana therapy. Ayurveda advises body purification before administration of rasayana therapy to achieve optimum benefits.

Vajikarana therapy is aimed to promote overall health with a specific focus on sexual and reproductive health. It is advised to restore tissue equilibrium and prevent recurrence after the treatment of diseases. It is effective in improving overall sexual health, fertility, and healthy progeny. Sexual vigor can be maintained even at old age. The diet, regimen, medicine, and therapies that stimulate spermatogenesis, improve sperm count, decrease spermatic defects, and improve sexual desire, vigour, and duration of intercourse can be considered forms of vajikarana therapy.